As the title, urgent, the answer must be detailed, specific! Points are great!
It again to add a question: What is the principle of the router? Under what circumstances, what is the switch with a router?
5 thoughts on “Is Hubble, hub, switch is the first type of product? What are they? What is the difference?”
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The hub ------- The hub is also called HUB. It works on the physical layer (at the bottom). There is no software system that does not match it. It is a pure hardware device. The hub is mainly used to connect to a network terminal such as computers.
The hub is a shared bandwidth. When any device connected to the hub sends data, all other devices must wait. This device enjoys all bandwidth, the communication is completed, and the bandwidth is used by other devices. Because of this, the hub connects a conflict network. All devices are used alternately, as if everyone has a single wooden bridge together.
The hub cannot judge the destination and type of the data packet, so if it is a broadcast data packet, it still reposted, and all devices send data to each interface by broadcasting, so that the hub also connects a radio The network of the domain.
The switch-switch Switch, working on the data link layer (the second layer), a slightly high-end switch has a operating system to support it. Like the hub, it is mainly used to connect to computers and other network terminal devices.
The switch is more advanced than the hub, allowing the device connected to the switch parallel communication, like cars on highways exercise parallel, and the communication between the equipment will not have conflicts. Therefore, the switch breaks the conflict domain. Each interface of the switch is a conflict, and there will be no communication conflict with other interfaces.
The system switch can record the MAC address table. The sending data will no longer be sent to each interface by broadcasting, but directly reaches the destination interface, saving the interface bandwidth. However, the switch cannot judge the radio data packet like the hub, and the broadcast will be sent to all interfaces, so the switch connects a broadcasting domain network like the hub.
The high -end switch can not only record the MAC address table, but also divide VLAN (virtual local area network) to isolate broadcast, but VLAN cannot communicate between VLAN. To enable VLAN to communicate, there must be three layers of device intervention.
seeers: pure hardware, used to connect to the network terminal, and cannot break the conflict and radio domain.
The switch: It has a software system, used to connect to the network terminal, and can break the conflict domain, but cannot divide the broadcast domain.
Differential
1. From the perspective of working methods, the hub is a broadcast mode, which means that when a certain port of the hub is working, all other ports can hear information and easily generate broadcast storms. And there is only one port sending data at each moment. In addition, the security is poor. All network cards can receive the data issued, but the non -destination network card is discarded. When the switch is working, only the request port and the destination port response from each other without affecting other ports, so the switch can isolate the conflict domain and effectively suppress the generation of broadcast storms.
2. From the perspective of bandwidth, no matter how many ports are there, all ports are shared a bandwidth. At the same time, only two ports can be transmitted. In the half -dual -working mode; for the switch, each port has an exclusive bandwidth. When the two port work does not affect the work of other ports. At the same time In the full duplex mode.
. The switch works at the data link layer with the MAC address. There is a certain additional addressing overhead. In the data traffic hours, the delay may be relatively large than the data transmission time; For data transmission data, the decline in traffic hours is not obviously suitable for shared bus -type structure LANs.
The working mechanism of the hub is broadcast (Broadcast), no matter which port from which ports from which ports, they will send the letter package to all other ports in the form of broadcasting, and the network card (NIC) connected to these ports (NIC) Determining processing of this information is left to be processed, otherwise discarding is discarded. From the perspective of its working state, HUB's execution efficiency is relatively low (sending the package to all ports), and poor security (all network cards can be received, but non -destination network cards discard the letter package). And only one letter package can be processed at a time. When multiple ports appear at the same time, a collision appears. The package is processed according to serial, which is not suitable for large network trunk.
The work of the switch is completely different. Now the low -end switches are all Layer 2 switches, which are switched based on the MAC address. By analyzing the Baotou information of the Ethernet package (which contains the original MAC address, the target MAC address, the information length, etc.), after obtaining the target MAC address, find the address control table (port corresponding to the MAC address) stored in the switch, confirming that this has this The port card of the MAC address is connected to the port, and then only send the letter package to the corresponding port to effectively and effectively suppress the generation of broadcast storms. This is the biggest difference between Switch and Hub. The backplane bandwidth of Switch's internal reposting letter packages is far greater than the port bandwidth. Therefore, the letter package is in parallel and has a high efficiency, which can meet the requirements of large -scale data processing in large network environments.
The router is a multi -port device that can connect different transmission rates and run in various environments for local and wide -area networks. Different protocols can also be used. The router belongs to the third layer of the O S i model. Chapter 2 once said that the data transmission from one network segment to another network section can also guide data transmission from one network to another. In the past, due to too much attention to the third or higher -level data, such as protocols or logic addresses, routers used to be slower than switches and network bridges. Therefore, unlike the network bridge and the second -level switch, the router depends on the protocol. Before they use certain protocols to forward data, they must be designed or configured to identify the protocol.
The traditional independent LAN is slowly replaced by the third -layer switch that supports routing functions. But the concept of router is very important. The remaining parts of this section are about the application of the third -layer switch. Independent router is still a choice that uses wide -area network technology to connect remote users
1. The hub (hub) == "Hubble"
As its name implies, HUB is the center of the activity. In terms of network terms, HUB or is a wiring point based on star -shaped topology. Arcnet, 10Base-T, 10BASE-F and many other special networks rely on hub to connect cables and distribute data to each network segment. The basic function of the hub is information distribution, which distributes all the signals received by a port to all ports. Some hubs re -generate the weak signal before distributing, and the timing of some hub sorting the signal to provide synchronous data communication between all ports. The hub with multiple 10Base-F interfaces seems to use a mirror to divide the light to each port.
(To put it plainly, hub is like a TV tower, all the data people have a hand, you stay if you don't see it)
2. The switch
switch is The switch, its predecessor is the bridge. The switch is the task of using hardware to complete the process of filtering, learning, and forwarding the process of filtering, learning and forwarding. Switch is faster than Hub, because HUB does not know where the target address is, send data to all ports. There is a routing table in Switch. If you know where the target address is, you will send the data to the designated place. If it does not know it, it will be sent to all ports. This filtering can help reduce the data transmission volume of the entire network and improve efficiency. However, the function of the switch is more than that. It can disassemble the network into network branches and segment the network data stream. The faults occur in the isolation branch. This can reduce the data information traffic of each network branch and make each network more effective. , Improve the efficiency of the entire network. It can provide high -bandwidth "pipelines" (fixed port, optional module, or multi -link tunnel) to meet the exchange needs of switches and exchanges between superiors and superiors. Prevent the bottleneck of the main communication. There is currently a trend of using Switch instead of Hub.
The working mechanism of the hub is broadcast (Broadcast), no matter which port from which ports from which ports, they will send the letter package to all other ports in the form of broadcasting, and the network card (NIC) connected to these ports (NIC) Determining processing of this information is left to be processed, otherwise discarding is discarded. From the perspective of its working state, HUB's execution efficiency is relatively low (sending the package to all ports), and poor security (all network cards can be received, but non -destination network cards discard the letter package). And only one letter package can be processed at a time. When multiple ports appear at the same time, a collision appears. The package is processed according to serial, which is not suitable for large network trunk.
switch is the switch, and its predecessor is the bridge. The switch is the task of using hardware to complete the process of filtering, learning, and forwarding the process of filtering, learning and forwarding. Switch is faster than Hub, because HUB does not know where the target address is, send data to all ports. There is a routing table in Switch. If you know where the target address is, you will send the data to the designated place. If it does not know it, it will be sent to all ports. This filtering can help reduce the data transmission volume of the entire network and improve efficiency. However, the function of the switch is more than that. It can disassemble the network into network branches and segment the network data stream. The faults occur in the isolation branch. This can reduce the data information traffic of each network branch and make each network more effective. , Improve the efficiency of the entire network. It can provide high -bandwidth "pipelines" (fixed port, optional module, or multi -link tunnel) to meet the exchange needs of switches and exchanges between superiors and superiors. Prevent the bottleneck of the main communication. There is currently a trend of using Switch instead of Hub.
Hub "Hubble
switch is the switch
has two sayings
The stuff of stuff distributing, routers, routers, HUB and Net Rui are distributed.