5 thoughts on “The 30th anniversary of Hubble, in 30 years, what did it discover and how many maintenance it passed?”
Darrel
Hubble Space Telescope, which belongs to the optical telescope, can be used directly. In the 1960s, Lyman Sipztidic proposed the idea of building a telescope in space, and then launched a follow -up preparation. In fact, Hubble telescope and astronomer Hubble himself did not have any connection, but to commemorate the great astronomer. So far, Hubble has been launched for 30th anniversary. In the past 30 years, Hubble has brought countless surprises and countless romantic emotions. Ombilial telescope is the Hubble Space Telescope? Under normal circumstances, human eyes can only be seen in the optical wave band, which greatly limits people's acceptance of electromagnetic waves. In addition to the visible light, the Hubble telescope can also receive infrared and ultraviolet bands. The is the first precision optical telescope to surround the earth. It is about 13 meters long and about 4 meters in diameter. It is a cylindrical body weighing 11 tons and looks like a behemoth. But with the advancement of technology, astronauts can replace instruments in space to catch up with the changes in the times. The light from the universe, which will illuminate this four -inch thick and 2.4 main mirror, and then reflect the light on the second mirror. A large hole. Then the light passes through the main mirror again and is illuminated by the instrument. The instrument will then collect the beams that are illuminated by the universe and reflect on its own equipment. The Hubble telescope has three cameras, two spectrometers and a set of precision navigation sensors. All its cameras and spectrometers are installed on the same device, and this device can be at the end of the light mirror. A camera is located to take a photo at a time, and its precise guidance sensor unit is locked on the guide star, thereby accurately ensuring the high -finger accuracy required for observation. It estimates that Hubble's accurate positioning accuracy is as high as 0.007 arc seconds. You can see that there are only 0.05 arcs in the sky in the sky. It is equivalent to that it can emit a beam of laser and accurately hit a coin more than 300 kilometers away. It can be seen that Hubble Telescope is a very precise instrument. The star in the eyes of Hubble telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope uses a reflector with a diameter of 2.4 meters, and the light collected within 1 minute reaches 6.3 -inch caliber telescope for 3 hours and 45 minutes. . The Hubble Telescope also took countless amazing cosmic photos, bringing a perfect start to the exploration of the universe to human beings. Let us take a look at the brilliant star shot by Hubble for 30 years. Jupiter. This was taken in the second year of Hubble's lift, and it was the first Jupiter's real photo taken by Hubble Telescope Kuan Field Planet Camera. The temperature of Jupiter's cloud layer is particularly low, below -280, but in this photo, Hubble obviously shoots the cloud -layer characteristics in Jupiter's atmosphere, including frozen ammonia crystals and carbon, sulfur, phosphorus composition Traces of compounds. Is know that the most famous scenery on Jupiter is a big red spot, which is very huge, and can even cover the entire earth. In the lower right corner of Jupiter, we can find it. The swan ring. This is a small part of the wreckage of the Swan's supernova, showing the edge of the shock wave generated by a huge star explosion of about 15,000 years ago. It in Hubble's photos, the structure behind the shock wave in the swan seat ring can be obvious, which can help astronomers compare their actual impact structure with the theoretical model. 's core of the galaxy M100. The photo is the center of the spiral galaxy M100. Since Hubble has a slight defect in the mirror when the launch is launched, the photos that have just been taken are blurred. and this photo was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope for the first maintenance task. In the photos, we can see that the M100 is one of the brightest members in the Virgin Galaxy group. The spiral galaxy has two outstanding bright star arms and several weaker arms. The butterfly Nebula was taken by the Hubble Telescope after installing the WAN Infrared Field Camera 3 in 2009. It is also one of the first batch of "double pole nebul" taken by the Hubble telescope. It accurately shows the phenomenon that will occur at the end of a star (spray dust and gas from the surrounding space). Hub deep air field is called the Hubble deep -air field. This is not a force field magnetic field or the like, but a photo, but it is a amazing starry sky photo. It's scene in this photo is a small sky zone in the red 3H 32M 40.0s, rushweed -27 ° 47 29 "(J2000), with a area of only 3 square angles, but it is just We can see countless small highlights in such a small area. This is because there are thousands of galaxies in this photo. This is not a planet or a star. R n In this small space area, there are nearly 3,000 galaxies with different shapes. Except for a small number of stars in the Milky Way, most galaxies are far from our billions of light years. R n and the farthest galaxy distance even exceeds 12 billion light years. Hubble shows us the real appearance deep in the universe, and it is also the far -reaching cosmic scene taken by visible light before 2006. Eagle -like nebula — The pillar of creating a livelihood. This is a image of the cylindrical gases and dust shot in the eagle star in the Eagle Nebula on April 1, 1995. Its shape looks like an eagle soaring wings, which is located at the snake tail of the giant snake seat, about 6000 light years from the earth, occupying a space of about 20 light years. It is slowly formed, so its shiny part is actually the light emitted by the star from the gas cloud. If it can be close to the eagle Nebula, it is not difficult to find that the bright area is a star composed of interstellar dust and gas structures. The formation area, and there is a tall cloud column, which is a pillar composed of cold interstellar hydrogen and dust. is also the birth of the new star. One light years is part of the eagle -shaped nebula (M16), and the cloud at the top is evaporated, but a large telescope must be required to discover this phenomenon. Hobe telescope is born? We only see it. The bright side of the Huber telescope, but I don't know the hardship behind it, it can be said that it is a wave of twists and turns. Hubble telescope was originally proposed by a astronomer Leman Stipedzer in 1946, but because it wants to need Building a space telescope with a caliber of three meters cost huge, so it was not until 1968 that NASA began to formally determine the plan to build a 3 -meter reflection telescope. Everyone imagined so simple. At that time, the US Congress raised many questions about the budget of the space telescope. Due to the reduction of a series of funds, the US government canceled all the budget for the construction of the space telescope. The family still adheres to this construction plan, and finally continues to implement the space telescope plan with half the condition of shrinking funds. This is why the 3 -meter reflexive mirror caliber was changed to 2.4 meters. The promise provides some budget, but the condition is that ESA must be seen and has 15%of Hubble's use time. This is not over. During the construction of the Hubble Space Telescope, the progress of the project was not very smooth, so it was delayed again and again. This Kung Fu is not responsible for people. Finally, on April 24, 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope took the aircraft to lift and enter the scheduled track to carry out observation work! to this day, the Hubble telescope has successfully set off the 30th anniversary. So why can Hubble work normally for 30 years? The difficult maintenance process of Hubble Telescope. In April 1940, I thought that the Hubble telescope was lifted off this time, which would lays a solid milestone for our human beings in astronomy and unveiled the veil of the universe, but the first photo that was successfully passed back had serious problems. The photos are far lower than expected, and this picture also shows the problem of inconsistent telescope. After research by engineers, the result is that the mirror edge of the telescope is too flat, and the need is needed, and the need is needed. The position is 2.2 microns. Although it is only 2.2 microns, this difference causes catastrophic sphere. In this way, the reflection light from the edge of the mirror surface cannot be gathered on the same focus as the central reflection light. and the original observation accuracy changed from 0.1 angle to the current 0.7 corner. After discussion and research by scientists, it was decided to send astronauts to take a spacecraft to install a optical correction system for Hubble telescope. In December 2, 1993, seven astronauts took the Entry Aerospace to repair the Hubble telescope for repair. After maintenance, the resolution was better than the original expected. In Hubble Telescope has been working on the track for 7 years, and another problem occurs again, just like the solar panel will be hit by some meteors. Therefore, the insulation coating on the surface of the Hubble telescope has many cracks, and some equipment is also very aging. So on February 11, 1997, seven astronauts took the seven astronauts and found the second repairs to the Hubble Telescope. It the Hubble telescope in February 1999 was broken, and another gyroscope was broken in November. There were only 6 gyroscopes on the Hubble telescope. Now After 4, the Hubble telescope will definitely stop working and automatically enter the dormant state. So the astronauts once again took aerospace aircraft to enter space for the third repair in December 1999, and also replaced a new computer for Hubble to increase the operating speed. In March 2, 2002, the maintenance was entered the space by astronauts. The purpose was to replace the new power system for the Hubble telescope, so that it could supply more stable electricity. The telescope has worked for a few more years on the track. This is due to crashes in the 2003 Colombian spacecraft, which led to all seven astronauts who were killed. The impact of the accident hesitated whether NASA was repaired again. However, under the persistence of astronauts and researchers, NASA decided to perform fifth maintenance of the Hubble telescope in 2009, but this is the last maintenance of the Hubble telescope. Although the Hubble telescope has experienced five maintenance, the benefits of Hubble telescope bring to human beings are huge. The data returned each year has a data of about 10 megabytes and the total amount of data exceeds 150TB. Physics has brought long -term development.
Hubble telescope is currently the most successful space telescope! Looking up at the starry sky at night, we can see about 6,000 stars with our naked eye, as well as the satellite moon of our earth, five planets in the solar system, the galaxy and other vague nebulas. But with the appearance of the telescope, it has completely opened the human perspective. It can be said that the application of telescope is the beginning of human modern astronomy. But the average telescope is affected by the atmosphere of the earth. The main advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope is that it can not be disturbed by the atmosphere of the earth. The position of the Hubble Space Telescope is above the atmosphere of the earth, so the image will not only be affected by the atmosphere. and the background light caused by the excellent view and no atmospheric scattering. It can also observe the ultraviolet rays that will be absorbed by the ozone layer, which is one of the most important instruments in astronomical history. It made up for the lack of observation on the ground and helped astronomers solve many basic problems in astronomy.
So far, Hubble has found two large -quality black holes in space, and the first space weather map has been found, which provides valuable information for the research of outer space, but Harper has also been repaired five times.
The Hubble Telescope has been in service for the 30th anniversary. During these years, it has taken countless valuable photos and after five maintenance.
The change of the universe, the daily starry sky, various galaxies, have completed more than 1.4 million observations, the scope of observation reaches 97%of the cosmic stars and galaxies, and has undergone 6 maintenance
The first photos of Jupiter's shooting also discovered a small part of the Swan's supernova wreckage, the core of the galaxy M100, the butterfly nebula, the eagle -shaped nebula, etc.;
Hubble Space Telescope, which belongs to the optical telescope, can be used directly. In the 1960s, Lyman Sipztidic proposed the idea of building a telescope in space, and then launched a follow -up preparation.
In fact, Hubble telescope and astronomer Hubble himself did not have any connection, but to commemorate the great astronomer.
So far, Hubble has been launched for 30th anniversary. In the past 30 years, Hubble has brought countless surprises and countless romantic emotions.
Ombilial telescope is the Hubble Space Telescope? Under normal circumstances, human eyes can only be seen in the optical wave band, which greatly limits people's acceptance of electromagnetic waves. In addition to the visible light, the Hubble telescope can also receive infrared and ultraviolet bands.
The is the first precision optical telescope to surround the earth. It is about 13 meters long and about 4 meters in diameter. It is a cylindrical body weighing 11 tons and looks like a behemoth. But with the advancement of technology, astronauts can replace instruments in space to catch up with the changes in the times.
The light from the universe, which will illuminate this four -inch thick and 2.4 main mirror, and then reflect the light on the second mirror. A large hole.
Then the light passes through the main mirror again and is illuminated by the instrument. The instrument will then collect the beams that are illuminated by the universe and reflect on its own equipment.
The Hubble telescope has three cameras, two spectrometers and a set of precision navigation sensors. All its cameras and spectrometers are installed on the same device, and this device can be at the end of the light mirror. A camera is located to take a photo at a time, and its precise guidance sensor unit is locked on the guide star, thereby accurately ensuring the high -finger accuracy required for observation.
It estimates that Hubble's accurate positioning accuracy is as high as 0.007 arc seconds. You can see that there are only 0.05 arcs in the sky in the sky. It is equivalent to that it can emit a beam of laser and accurately hit a coin more than 300 kilometers away. It can be seen that Hubble Telescope is a very precise instrument.
The star in the eyes of Hubble telescope. The Hubble Space Telescope uses a reflector with a diameter of 2.4 meters, and the light collected within 1 minute reaches 6.3 -inch caliber telescope for 3 hours and 45 minutes.
. The Hubble Telescope also took countless amazing cosmic photos, bringing a perfect start to the exploration of the universe to human beings. Let us take a look at the brilliant star shot by Hubble for 30 years.
Jupiter. This was taken in the second year of Hubble's lift, and it was the first Jupiter's real photo taken by Hubble Telescope Kuan Field Planet Camera.
The temperature of Jupiter's cloud layer is particularly low, below -280, but in this photo, Hubble obviously shoots the cloud -layer characteristics in Jupiter's atmosphere, including frozen ammonia crystals and carbon, sulfur, phosphorus composition Traces of compounds.
Is know that the most famous scenery on Jupiter is a big red spot, which is very huge, and can even cover the entire earth. In the lower right corner of Jupiter, we can find it.
The swan ring. This is a small part of the wreckage of the Swan's supernova, showing the edge of the shock wave generated by a huge star explosion of about 15,000 years ago.
It in Hubble's photos, the structure behind the shock wave in the swan seat ring can be obvious, which can help astronomers compare their actual impact structure with the theoretical model.
's core of the galaxy M100. The photo is the center of the spiral galaxy M100. Since Hubble has a slight defect in the mirror when the launch is launched, the photos that have just been taken are blurred.
and this photo was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope for the first maintenance task. In the photos, we can see that the M100 is one of the brightest members in the Virgin Galaxy group. The spiral galaxy has two outstanding bright star arms and several weaker arms.
The butterfly Nebula was taken by the Hubble Telescope after installing the WAN Infrared Field Camera 3 in 2009. It is also one of the first batch of "double pole nebul" taken by the Hubble telescope. It accurately shows the phenomenon that will occur at the end of a star (spray dust and gas from the surrounding space).
Hub deep air field is called the Hubble deep -air field. This is not a force field magnetic field or the like, but a photo, but it is a amazing starry sky photo.
It's scene in this photo is a small sky zone in the red 3H 32M 40.0s, rushweed -27 ° 47 29 "(J2000), with a area of only 3 square angles, but it is just We can see countless small highlights in such a small area. This is because there are thousands of galaxies in this photo. This is not a planet or a star. R n In this small space area, there are nearly 3,000 galaxies with different shapes. Except for a small number of stars in the Milky Way, most galaxies are far from our billions of light years. R n and the farthest galaxy distance even exceeds 12 billion light years. Hubble shows us the real appearance deep in the universe, and it is also the far -reaching cosmic scene taken by visible light before 2006.
Eagle -like nebula — The pillar of creating a livelihood. This is a image of the cylindrical gases and dust shot in the eagle star in the Eagle Nebula on April 1, 1995. Its shape looks like an eagle soaring wings, which is located at the snake tail of the giant snake seat, about 6000 light years from the earth, occupying a space of about 20 light years.
It is slowly formed, so its shiny part is actually the light emitted by the star from the gas cloud. If it can be close to the eagle Nebula, it is not difficult to find that the bright area is a star composed of interstellar dust and gas structures. The formation area, and there is a tall cloud column, which is a pillar composed of cold interstellar hydrogen and dust.
is also the birth of the new star. One light years is part of the eagle -shaped nebula (M16), and the cloud at the top is evaporated, but a large telescope must be required to discover this phenomenon.
Hobe telescope is born? We only see it. The bright side of the Huber telescope, but I don't know the hardship behind it, it can be said that it is a wave of twists and turns.
Hubble telescope was originally proposed by a astronomer Leman Stipedzer in 1946, but because it wants to need Building a space telescope with a caliber of three meters cost huge, so it was not until 1968 that NASA began to formally determine the plan to build a 3 -meter reflection telescope.
Everyone imagined so simple. At that time, the US Congress raised many questions about the budget of the space telescope. Due to the reduction of a series of funds, the US government canceled all the budget for the construction of the space telescope. The family still adheres to this construction plan, and finally continues to implement the space telescope plan with half the condition of shrinking funds. This is why the 3 -meter reflexive mirror caliber was changed to 2.4 meters. The promise provides some budget, but the condition is that ESA must be seen and has 15%of Hubble's use time. This is not over. During the construction of the Hubble Space Telescope, the progress of the project was not very smooth, so it was delayed again and again.
This Kung Fu is not responsible for people. Finally, on April 24, 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope took the aircraft to lift and enter the scheduled track to carry out observation work!
to this day, the Hubble telescope has successfully set off the 30th anniversary. So why can Hubble work normally for 30 years?
The difficult maintenance process of Hubble Telescope. In April 1940, I thought that the Hubble telescope was lifted off this time, which would lays a solid milestone for our human beings in astronomy and unveiled the veil of the universe, but the first photo that was successfully passed back had serious problems.
The photos are far lower than expected, and this picture also shows the problem of inconsistent telescope. After research by engineers, the result is that the mirror edge of the telescope is too flat, and the need is needed, and the need is needed. The position is 2.2 microns.
Although it is only 2.2 microns, this difference causes catastrophic sphere. In this way, the reflection light from the edge of the mirror surface cannot be gathered on the same focus as the central reflection light.
and the original observation accuracy changed from 0.1 angle to the current 0.7 corner. After discussion and research by scientists, it was decided to send astronauts to take a spacecraft to install a optical correction system for Hubble telescope.
In December 2, 1993, seven astronauts took the Entry Aerospace to repair the Hubble telescope for repair. After maintenance, the resolution was better than the original expected.
In Hubble Telescope has been working on the track for 7 years, and another problem occurs again, just like the solar panel will be hit by some meteors.
Therefore, the insulation coating on the surface of the Hubble telescope has many cracks, and some equipment is also very aging. So on February 11, 1997, seven astronauts took the seven astronauts and found the second repairs to the Hubble Telescope.
It the Hubble telescope in February 1999 was broken, and another gyroscope was broken in November. There were only 6 gyroscopes on the Hubble telescope. Now After 4, the Hubble telescope will definitely stop working and automatically enter the dormant state.
So the astronauts once again took aerospace aircraft to enter space for the third repair in December 1999, and also replaced a new computer for Hubble to increase the operating speed.
In March 2, 2002, the maintenance was entered the space by astronauts. The purpose was to replace the new power system for the Hubble telescope, so that it could supply more stable electricity. The telescope has worked for a few more years on the track.
This is due to crashes in the 2003 Colombian spacecraft, which led to all seven astronauts who were killed. The impact of the accident hesitated whether NASA was repaired again. However, under the persistence of astronauts and researchers, NASA decided to perform fifth maintenance of the Hubble telescope in 2009, but this is the last maintenance of the Hubble telescope.
Although the Hubble telescope has experienced five maintenance, the benefits of Hubble telescope bring to human beings are huge. The data returned each year has a data of about 10 megabytes and the total amount of data exceeds 150TB. Physics has brought long -term development.
Hubble telescope is currently the most successful space telescope! Looking up at the starry sky at night, we can see about 6,000 stars with our naked eye, as well as the satellite moon of our earth, five planets in the solar system, the galaxy and other vague nebulas.
But with the appearance of the telescope, it has completely opened the human perspective. It can be said that the application of telescope is the beginning of human modern astronomy. But the average telescope is affected by the atmosphere of the earth.
The main advantage of the Hubble Space Telescope is that it can not be disturbed by the atmosphere of the earth. The position of the Hubble Space Telescope is above the atmosphere of the earth, so the image will not only be affected by the atmosphere.
and the background light caused by the excellent view and no atmospheric scattering. It can also observe the ultraviolet rays that will be absorbed by the ozone layer, which is one of the most important instruments in astronomical history. It made up for the lack of observation on the ground and helped astronomers solve many basic problems in astronomy.
So far, Hubble has found two large -quality black holes in space, and the first space weather map has been found, which provides valuable information for the research of outer space, but Harper has also been repaired five times.
The Hubble Telescope has been in service for the 30th anniversary. During these years, it has taken countless valuable photos and after five maintenance.
The change of the universe, the daily starry sky, various galaxies, have completed more than 1.4 million observations, the scope of observation reaches 97%of the cosmic stars and galaxies, and has undergone 6 maintenance
The first photos of Jupiter's shooting also discovered a small part of the Swan's supernova wreckage, the core of the galaxy M100, the butterfly nebula, the eagle -shaped nebula, etc.;